| State Auto Insurance Laws Governing Liability Coverage (1) |
(As of December 2023)
|
| |
First-party benefits (PIP) (2) |
Restrictions on Lawsuits |
Thresholds for Lawsuits |
| True No-Fault |
Compulsory |
Optional |
Yes |
No |
Monetary |
Verbal |
| Florida |
X |
|
X |
|
|
X |
| Hawaii |
X |
|
X |
|
X |
|
| Kansas |
X |
|
X |
|
X |
|
| Kentucky |
X |
|
X (3) |
|
X (3) |
|
| Massachusetts |
X |
|
X |
|
X |
|
| Michigan |
X |
|
X |
|
|
X |
| Minnesota |
X |
|
X |
|
X |
|
| New Jersey |
X |
|
X (3) |
|
|
X (3) |
| New York |
X |
|
X |
|
|
X |
| North Dakota |
X |
|
X |
|
X |
|
| Pennsylvania |
X |
|
X (3) |
|
|
X (3) |
| Utah |
X |
|
X |
|
X |
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Add-on |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Arkansas |
X |
|
|
X |
|
|
| DC |
|
X |
X (4) |
X (4) |
|
|
| Delaware |
X |
|
|
X |
|
|
| Maryland |
X |
|
|
X |
|
|
| New Hampshire |
|
X |
|
X |
|
|
| Oregon |
X |
|
|
X |
|
|
| South Dakota |
|
X |
|
X |
|
|
| Texas |
|
X |
|
X |
|
|
| Virginia |
|
X |
|
X |
|
|
| Washington |
|
X |
|
X |
|
|
| Wisconsin |
|
X |
|
X |
|
|
(1) The remaining 28 states auto liability is based on the traditional tort liability system where there are no restrictions on lawsuits.
(2) Personal injury protection. (PIP)
(3) Choice no-fault state. Policyholder can choose a policy based on the no-fault system or traditional tort liability.
(4) The District of Columbia is neither a true no-fault nor add-on state. Drivers are offered the option of no-fault or fault-based coverage, but in the event of a crash a driver who originally chose no-fault benefits has 60 days to decide whether to receive those benefits or file a claim against the other party.
Source: Excerpted from No Fault Benefits and Thresholds-Auto Reparations, property of American Property Casualty Insurers Association. |
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