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Current Table

State Auto Insurance Laws Governing Liability Coverage (1)
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(As of December 2023)

Ìý First-party benefits (PIP) (2) Restrictions on Lawsuits Thresholds for Lawsuits
True No-Fault Compulsory Optional Yes No Monetary Verbal
Florida X Ìý X Ìý Ìý X
Hawaii X Ìý X Ìý X Ìý
Kansas X Ìý X Ìý X Ìý
Kentucky X Ìý X (3) Ìý X (3) Ìý
Massachusetts X Ìý X Ìý X Ìý
Michigan X Ìý X Ìý Ìý X
Minnesota X Ìý X Ìý X Ìý
New Jersey X Ìý X (3) Ìý Ìý X (3)
New York X Ìý X Ìý Ìý X
North Dakota X Ìý X Ìý X Ìý
Pennsylvania X Ìý X (3) Ìý Ìý X (3)
Utah X Ìý X Ìý X Ìý
Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Add-on Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Arkansas X Ìý Ìý X Ìý Ìý
DC Ìý X X (4) X (4) Ìý Ìý
Delaware X Ìý Ìý X Ìý Ìý
Maryland X Ìý Ìý X Ìý Ìý
New Hampshire Ìý X Ìý X Ìý Ìý
Oregon X Ìý Ìý X Ìý Ìý
South Dakota Ìý X Ìý X Ìý Ìý
Texas Ìý X Ìý X Ìý Ìý
Virginia Ìý X Ìý X Ìý Ìý
Washington Ìý X Ìý X Ìý Ìý
Wisconsin Ìý X Ìý X Ìý Ìý

(1) The remaining 28 states auto liability is based on the traditional tort liability system where there are no restrictions on lawsuits.
(2) Personal injury protection. (PIP)
(3) Choice no-fault state. Policyholder can choose a policy based on the no-fault system or traditional tort liability.
(4) The District of Columbia is neither a true no-fault nor add-on state. Drivers are offered the option of no-fault or fault-based coverage, but in the event of a crash a driver who originally chose no-fault benefits has 60 days to decide whether to receive those benefits or file a claim against the other party.

Source: Excerpted from No Fault Benefits and Thresholds-Auto Reparations, property of American Property Casualty Insurers Association.

 

Archived Tables

State Auto Insurance Laws Governing Liability Coverage
Export To Excel

(As of October 2021)

Ìý First-party benefits (PIP) (1) Restrictions on lawsuits Thresholds for lawsuits
True no-fault Compulsory Optional Yes No Monetary Verbal
Florida X Ìý X Ìý Ìý X
Hawaii X Ìý X Ìý X Ìý
Kansas X Ìý X Ìý X Ìý
Kentucky X Ìý X X (2) X (2) Ìý
Massachusetts X Ìý X Ìý X Ìý
Michigan X Ìý X Ìý Ìý X
Minnesota X Ìý X Ìý X Ìý
New Jersey X Ìý X X (2) Ìý X (2), (3)
New York X Ìý X Ìý Ìý X
North Dakota X Ìý X Ìý X Ìý
Pennsylvania X Ìý X X (2) Ìý X (2)
Puerto Rico X Ìý X Ìý X Ìý
Utah X Ìý X Ìý X Ìý
Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Add-on Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý Ìý
Arkansas X Ìý Ìý X Ìý Ìý
Delaware X Ìý Ìý X Ìý Ìý
D.C. Ìý X X (4) X (4) Ìý Ìý
Maryland X Ìý Ìý X Ìý Ìý
New Hampshire Ìý X Ìý X Ìý Ìý
Oregon X Ìý Ìý X Ìý Ìý
South Dakota Ìý X Ìý X Ìý Ìý
Texas X Ìý Ìý X Ìý Ìý
Virginia Ìý X Ìý X Ìý Ìý
Washington Ìý X Ìý X Ìý Ìý
Wisconsin Ìý X Ìý X Ìý Ìý

(1) Personal injury protection.
(2) Choice no-fault state. Policyholder can choose a policy based on the no-fault system or traditional tort liability.
(3) Verbal threshold for the Basic Liability Policy, the Special Policy and the Standard Policy where the policyholder chooses no-fault. The Basic and Special Policies contain lower amounts of coverage.
(4) The District of Columbia is neither a true no-fault nor add-on state. Drivers are offered the option of no-fault or fault-based coverage, but in the event of a crash a driver who originally chose no-fault benefits has 60 days to decide whether to receive those benefits or file a claim against the other party.

Source: Excerpted from No Fault Benefits and Thresholds-Auto Reparations, property of American Property Casualty Insurers Association.